Übersetzung und Analyse von Wörtern durch künstliche Intelligenz ChatGPT
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cytogenetic map - Übersetzung nach arabisch
![The [[cell cycle]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Animal cell cycle-en.svg?width=200 "The [[cell cycle]].")
![Chromosomes at various stages of [[mitosis]]. Karyograms are generally made by chromosomes in prometaphase or metaphase. During these phases, the two copies of each chromosome (connected at the [[centromere]]) will look as one unless the image resolution is high enough to distinguish the two.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Condensation and resolution of human sister chromatids in early mitosis.svg?width=200 "Chromosomes at various stages of [[mitosis]]. Karyograms are generally made by chromosomes in prometaphase or metaphase. During these phases, the two copies of each chromosome (connected at the [[centromere]]) will look as one unless the image resolution is high enough to distinguish the two.")
![[[Schematic]] karyogram demonstrating the basic knowledge needed to read a karyotype.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/How to read a Karyotype.png?width=200 "[[Schematic]] karyogram demonstrating the basic knowledge needed to read a karyotype.")
.jpg?width=200 "publisher=Oxford University Press}} Revised August 2004, January 2008</ref>")
![mitochondrial genome]] to scale (at bottom left). See section text for more details.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Human karyotype with bands and sub-bands.png?width=200 "mitochondrial genome]] to scale (at bottom left). See section text for more details.")
![FISH]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PLoSBiol3.5.Fig7ChromosomesAluFish.jpg?width=200 "FISH]].")
![Map of [[Utrecht]], Netherlands (1695).](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Atlas de Wit 1698-pl044-Utrecht-KB PPN 145205088.jpg?width=200 "Map of [[Utrecht]], Netherlands (1695).")
 (cropped).jpg?width=200 "Mean Annual Temperature map of Ohio from \"Geography of Ohio\" 1923")
![The ''[[Hereford Mappa Mundi]]'', [[Hereford Cathedral]], England, circa 1300, a classic "T-O" map with Jerusalem at the center, east toward the top, Europe the bottom left and Africa on the right](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hereford-Karte.jpg?width=200 "The ''[[Hereford Mappa Mundi]]'', [[Hereford Cathedral]], England, circa 1300, a classic \"T-O\" map with Jerusalem at the center, east toward the top, Europe the bottom left and Africa on the right")
![In a [[topological map]], like this one showing inventory locations, the distances between locations are not important. Only the layout and connectivity between them matters.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Inventory Locations Represented as a Map.png?width=200 "In a [[topological map]], like this one showing inventory locations, the distances between locations are not important. Only the layout and connectivity between them matters.")
![CIA World Factbook]]'', 2016](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Map of the world by the US Gov as of 2016.svg?width=200 "CIA World Factbook]]'', 2016")
![Relief map]] of the [[Sierra Nevada]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maps-for-free Sierra Nevada.png?width=200 "Relief map]] of the [[Sierra Nevada]]")
![continental shelves]] and [[oceanic plateau]]s (red), the [[mid-ocean ridge]]s (yellow-green) and the [[abyssal plain]]s (blue to purple)}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mid-ocean ridge system.gif?width=200 "continental shelves]] and [[oceanic plateau]]s (red), the [[mid-ocean ridge]]s (yellow-green) and the [[abyssal plain]]s (blue to purple)}}")
![Celestial map by the cartographer [[Frederik de Wit]], 17th century](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Planisphæri cœleste.jpg?width=200 "Celestial map by the cartographer [[Frederik de Wit]], 17th century")
![''[[Tabula Rogeriana]]'', one of the most advanced [[early world maps]], by [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]], 1154](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tabula Rogeriana 1929 copy by Konrad Miller.jpg?width=200 "''[[Tabula Rogeriana]]'', one of the most advanced [[early world maps]], by [[Muhammad al-Idrisi]], 1154")
![USGS]] [[digital raster graphic]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Topographic map example.png?width=200 "USGS]] [[digital raster graphic]].")
ألاسم
خارطَة ; خَرِيطة
Definition
Wikipedia
A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is discerned by determining the chromosome complement of an individual, including the number of chromosomes and any abnormalities.
A karyogram or idiogram is a graphical depiction of a karyotype, wherein chromosomes are generally organized in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size. Karyotyping generally combines light microscopy and photography in the metaphase of the cell cycle, and results in a photomicrographic (or simply micrographic) karyogram. In contrast, a schematic karyogram is a designed graphic representation of a karyotype. In schematic karyograms, just one of the sister chromatids of each chromosome is generally shown for brevity, and in reality they are generally so close together that they look as one on photomicrographs as well unless the resolution is high enough to distinguish them. The study of whole sets of chromosomes is sometimes known as karyology.
Karyotypes describe the chromosome count of an organism and what these chromosomes look like under a light microscope. Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, banding pattern, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics. The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytogenetics.
The basic number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of an individual or a species is called the somatic number and is designated 2n. In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23).p28 Thus, in humans 2n = 46.
So, in normal diploid organisms, autosomal chromosomes are present in two copies. There may, or may not, be sex chromosomes. Polyploid cells have multiple copies of chromosomes and haploid cells have single copies.
Karyotypes can be used for many purposes; such as to study chromosomal aberrations, cellular function, taxonomic relationships, medicine and to gather information about past evolutionary events (karyosystematics).
